Science has been at the heart of many of the most significant technological advances around the globe. From new drug treatments and energy production to the latest computer chip technology. While innovation is the driving force behind science, business is all about making money and keeping shareholders satisfied. Traditionally the worlds of science and business were seen as distinct entities. Both are interconnected and it is impossible to separate their impact on business from the effect of research.

While business is concerned with profits, the long-term effects of its decisions can have major environmental, social economic, and environmental impacts. Science is also concerned about the impact of its actions, specifically its decisions on resource exploitation and sustainable development. A wise business, for instance, will, exploit a resource at the level that scientists consider sustainable. However, greedy companies have led to a frenzied use of natural resources and ecological catastrophe.

We have categorized the different ways that corporations attempt to influence science at the macro and meso scales and have coded the intended outcomes and effects of these strategies (TL performed the initial code-coding, AG second-coded 20 per percent of the papers). We discovered that corporations employ five macro-level strategies, which work together to minimise perceived credibility of unfavourable science and maximize favorable science. These strategies are implemented through meso-strategies that, over time skew evidence in favour of the industry. This can result in three distal outcomes – to create doubt on the potential harms caused by industry-related products and practices, to support industry-friendly policies, and to maximise the use, consumption, and sales of industry products and services – thereby increasing profits for corporations.

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